India-Pakistan relations are often analysed through the prism of bilateral historical grievances and strategic rivalry. However, examining the broader strategic environment is essential to fully comprehend the complex dynamics between the two powers, as multiple external actors continue to shape their diplomatic choices, economic alignments and defence postures.
Middle Eastern powers play an important role in this regard. They influence India-Pakistan dynamics in distinct ways, and the US-Israeli attacks in Iran that started on 28 February 2026 make this aspect even more relevant. Both India and Pakistan are feeling the impact of maritime traffic disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz, which reduce their supply of oil, gas, fertilisers and aluminium. The outbreak of hostilities risks undermining Iran’s generally cordial ties with India and Pakistan, while putting to the test the latter’s mutual defence pact with Saudi Arabia – which in turn is also a major hydrocarbon supplier to both countries. At the same time, Israel’s expanding security cooperation with India – including in defence technology – adds another layer to the evolving strategic balance; the same applies to Türkiye’s close political and defence ties with Pakistan. Understanding these intertwined and multi-layered interactions, as well as the economic and security uncertainties generated by the conflict in Iran, is important as they make the Middle Eastern influences on India-Pakistan relations more relevant than ever. Moreover, these interactions provide vital insights into the wider geopolitical dynamics.
To explore this complex topic, we are pleased to welcome Mr Umer Karim, Associate Fellow at the King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies.
Research lines: Indo-Pacific; Middle East and North Africa; Non-Arab Muslim World
Source image : © Government of India – Office of the Prime Minister
Registration is required
by Wednesday 29 April 2026 at the latest.
Evening conference
The Role of Middle Eastern Powers
in India-Pakistan Relations
Mr Umer KARIM
Moderator: Alessandro GAGARIDIS
Language: English
There will be no simultaneous interpretation available
7 May 2026, 17:00 – 18:30
> 16:30 – Registration
> 17:00 – Conference
> 18:30 – Reception
Campus Renaissance
Rue Hobbema/Hobbemastraat, 8
1000 Brussels